Thanh Nien road, Hanoi

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF HANOI

Geographical coordinates: Ha Noi is located between 20°53' and 21°23' North latitude and 105°44' and 106°02' East longitude, adjacent to Thai Nguyen and Vinh Phuc provinces in the North; Ha Nam and Hoa Binh provinces in the South; Bac Ninh, Hung Yen and Bac Giang provinces in the East and Hoa Binh and Phu Tho provinces in the West.

Natural area of Hanoi

In accordance with Conclusions of the 6^th meeting of the 10^th Party Central Committee and the Resolution No. 15/2008/NQ-QH12 of the 3^rd meeting of 12^th National Assembly, dated May 29, 2008, which took effect on August 1, 2008, the entire political system of Ha Noi includes the capital of Ha Noi, Ha Tay province, Me Linh district of Vinh Phuc province and 4 communes in Luong Son district of Hoa Binh province. After expansion, the total area increased to 334,470.02 hectares, more than 3 times larger than before and Hanoi became one of the 17 largest capitals in the world. The total population increased to more than 7 million people. The capital now consists of 30 district-level administrative units and 577 communes and wards.

Ha Noi now has mountains, hills and terrains descending from North to South and from West to East, in which plains account for up to three-quarters of the natural area of ​​the city. The average height of Ha Noi is from 5 to 20 meters above sea level. The high mountains are concentrated in the North and the West. The highest peaks are Ba Vi at 1,281 meters height, Gia De at 707 meters, Chan Chim at 462 meters, Thanh Lanh at 427 meters and Thien Tru at 378 meters. The internal area has some low hillocks such as Dong Da mound, Mount Nung.

The area of ​​land use allocation (332,889 hectares)

- Land for agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 188,601 ha

- Non-agricultural land: 134,947 ha

- Unused land: 9,340.5 ha

(According to the "Statistical Yearbook of Ha Noi in 2010," the Statistics Office of Ha Noi).

Hydrology of Hanoi

In particular, Red River section running through Ha Noi is up to 163km (representing 1/3 of the length of the river flowing through the territory of Viet Nam). In the inner city, beside the two rivers - To Lich and Kim Nguu - there is also a system of lakes and marshes acting as the drainage path of Ha Noi.

In the last century, there were over 100 large and small lakes, most of which were natural lagoon pools, the remains of former river sections, some were artificial lakes transformed from boggy fields into lakes. At present, although the majorities were leveled for construction, there remain hundreds of large and small lakes and marshes distributed across wards and communes of the capital of Ha Noi. The most famous ones are Hoan Kiem Lake, West Lake, Quang Ba, Truc Bach, Thien Quang, Bay Mau, Thanh Nhan, Linh Dam, Yen So, Giang Vo, Dong Mo, Suoi Hai, etc.

These lakes of Ha Noi are not only huge water reservoirs but also a natural air conditioning system reducing the heat in the inner city coming from blocks of concrete, steel, asphalt and the operation of plants, etc. Ha Noi's lakes not only create a cool climate for the city - an urban microclimate - but are also famous beauty spots, unique cultural areas of Thang Long – Ha Noi.

Climate of Hanoi

Located in the tropical monsoon region, Ha Noi’s climate is characterized by humid monsoon with hot and rainy weather in the summer, cold weather and little rain in the winter. The climate is divided into four distinct seasons of the year: Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter.

Spring begins in February (or lunar January) and lasts until April. Summer starts from May to August, with hot but rainy weather. Autumn starts from August to October, with cool weather and falling leaves. Winter starts from November to January of the following year with cold and dry weather. There is only a relative distinction between the four seasons because winter can come early in some years and late in others. Some years, summer lasts longer with temperature up to 40°C, while some years, temperature can reach below 5°C in the winter.

Ha Noi receives abundant solar radiation throughout the year. The total average annual amount of radiation accounts for about 120 kcal/cm². The average annual temperature is 24.9°C, the average humidity is 80-82%. The average rainfall is over 1700 mm/year (about 114 days of rain/year).

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