Empowering Ethnic Minorities Women through Village Savings and Loan Groups

With the support of Procter & Gamble (P&G) Group through CARE International in Vietnam and the Central Committee of the Vietnam Women Union, after four years of implementation in 18 provinces in the country, the project "Reach to Excel: Promoting Financial Inclusion for Ethnic Minority Women" has supported the development of more than 500 self-managed village credit savings groups (VSLA) with more than 11,000 women participating in savings mobilisation and small-scale lending.

The project result was showed at a ceremony held in Hanoi on October 17 with the participation of representatives from CARE, P&G, Vietnam Women Union and two participants in the VSLA.

A Yen Bai woman gets loans to raise chickens. Photo: CARE International in Vietnam

From January 2018 to December 2019, CARE cooperated with P&G to implement the project "Reach to Excel: Promoting financial inclusion for ethnic minority women" in four mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam, including Hoa Binh, Son La, Dien Bien and Bac Kan.

Promoting Financial Inclusion

Data from the World Bank in 2017 (Findex) shows that only 30% of adult men and 31% of adult women in Vietnam have access to formal financial services, one of the lowest rates in East Asia.

Based on gender analyses conducted by CARE, women face more difficulties in accessing finance and are negatively impacted by gender inequality and traditional cultural norms.

Studies have also shown that with financial decision-making and agricultural production in the family, the husband often has a decisive say in livelihood and significant expenditures. It also dramatically affects decision-making and women's participation at the community level.

To tackle the barriers, the Village Credit Savings Model (VSLA) was born - the informal, self-selected groups of people, mainly women, who pool their money into a fund from which members can borrow. The money is paid back with interest, enabling the funds to grow.

VSLA members in Ta Long commune of Quang Tri province, gather to save and borrow money on top of exchange experiences in farming and other issues. Photo: CARE International in Vietnam

Started by CARE in 1991 in Nigeria and implemented in Vietnam in 2010, the Village Credit Savings Model (VSLA) is based on the three principles of Voluntary Participation, Self-Management and Self-Responsibility, promoting the principles of openness, transparency, and equality for all members.

Accordingly, 15 to 30 people join to form a savings group wherein members meet regularly to contribute savings and participate in financial skills training. When the group has saved enough funds, loans are made available to members for household and micro-enterprise use. Loans are repaid with interest at a pre-agreed rate and members pool savings with deposits increasing up to 60% annually.

Once groups are ready, they have the opportunity to link to formal financial services, gaining added security for their savings and access to additional financial products.

Through cooperation with P&G, CARE has established 260 self-managed VSLA groups, directly helping 5,196 ethnic minority women access loans and become more economically independent.

Many members of the VSLA group said they could save more money and invest better in their children's education, household livelihoods and income-generating activities.

In the project's second phase, from December 2020 to the end of December 2021, 287 VSLA groups were established with 4,185 female participants. In the first year, the groups mobilized VND 9.35 billion (USD 384,200) in savings and gave 2,427 members loans to develop their livelihoods.

In the first half of 2022, there were 269 groups with 4,058 members, which mobilized VND 5.62 billion (USD 230,900) in savings, and 1,416 members received loans to finance their livelihood development.

The VSLA model effectively supports women and families in livelihood development activities, contributing to ensuring households' financial security.

Empowering Ethnic Minorities Women

K'Luyen, a K'Ho ethnic in Lam Dong province, said that VLSA’s mutual fund has helped many members with small loans, from growing coffee or pepper, growing mulberry and raising silkworms, to buying petrol and performing irrigation.

At the beginning of the project, VSLA members were hesitant to lend due to a fear of people defaulting and a loss of savings. But now, needy members could easily access small loans and prevent them from seeking other capital sources, like ‘black credit’.

Providing training had a significant impact on lending practices. As they became more confident in their business skills, members started providing larger business loans.

Meanwhile, Ho Thi Nho, from Van Kieu ethnic group in Quang Tri province, shared that in her group, members borrowed to buy books and pay school fees for their children; supporting small-scale livelihoods such as buying cows, buffaloes and goats to raise or grow melaleuca, cassava, wet rice, even in case their families' member are sick or any urgent thing comes up.

During the Covid-19 pandemic broke out, members of her group and even herself borrowed from it, to make ends meet and restore production.

K'Luyen and Ho Thi Nho (far left) at the ceremony of introducing results of the project "Reach to Excel: Promoting Financial Inclusion for Ethnic Minority Women". Photo: VNT

According to representative from the Vietnam Women Union, VSLA group is operating well not only in savings but also in attracting members to training and empowering activities. It is thanks to such training that women affirm their role, express their ideas better, and are no longer shy when speaking in front of the public. Women participate more in decision-making at the family level and even at the community level, with increasingly more women taking up leadership roles, providing them an important resource to fully tap their potential. With this model, men are even willing to support their wives in the household.

Nguyen Duc Thanh, project manager, CARE International in Vietnam, said that the next direction of the project is to support the development of production, business and services to enhance the economic empowerment of ethnic minorities women, especially vulnerable groups. In addition, towards building economic organisations led by women such as cooperatives, cooperative groups, among others.

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